We didnt want to do it, but the Tour wouldnt take us seriously and we feel like weve been wronged, says Edmondson, who says the caddies have a right to profit off their likenesses as independent contractors. Mike has caddied for the players like Ed Sabo, Peter Jacobsen, Tiger Woods, and Jim Furyk. We were so sorry to hear of the passing of Fuzzy Zoellers wife, Diane. Jim Furyk net worth and career earnings: Jim Furyk is an American professional golfer who has a net His caddy since 2021 has been Mike "Fluff" Cowan. Previous Best short game on pga tour? For more than a dozen years, Steve Williams carried the bag of Tiger Woods and helped his boss to 63 PGA Tour wins and 13 major championship titles, easily one of the greatest golfer-caddie relationships of all time. Together, the pair won seven PGA Tour events, including Tiger's first major the 1997 Masters. Other than that, he has caddied Michelle Wie for one tournament while Furyk was off due to injury. No one was out there to make a living his first bag paid him $20 a day and 3 percent of earnings. He showed up at the next stop and worked the Monday qualifier. I am a professional golfer who has recently transitioned into the golf coaching profession. Cowans career started in 1976 when he worked with Ed Sabo for two years. This marked his first career professional championship and Cowan was Woods caddie for that event. Furyk has one victory at a major in his career which came at the 2003 U.S. Open with Cowan on the bag, an event which the 48-year-old won by an impressive three strokes. Williams is best known for having served as Tiger Woods caddie from 1999 to 2011. How golf caddies went from lackeys to among the highest-paid men in sports. So, he hits 5-iron over the green, which is not a good place to be on that hole, Fluff says. Peter would be Peter Jacobsen and they first met at Silverado Country Club in Napa, California, in the fall of 1977. The winning caddie will receive $207,000 in prize money, in addition to their weekly salary. It happened and you move on. Melnyks nickname in college was Fluff, and they started calling Cowan Short Fluff., Pretty soon it was shortened to Fluff, Cowan says. March 8, 1999 / 3:36 PM / CBS Sportsline. But expenses pile up with travel and typically run around $2,000 a week, according to Edmondson. Michael Thomas Cowan also known as Fluff Cowan is a professional golf caddie on the PGA Tour. This makes top golfers even more valuable to sponsors and event organizers. The caddies responded with a class-action lawsuit in February seeking compensation from the PGA Tour for forcing the caddies to wear logos of the tournaments corporate sponsors on their bibs. Hopefully, they will be able to patch things up and work together again in the future. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You are here: Home How How much is fluff the caddie worth? The tradition of caddies wearing white jumpsuits at Augusta National dates back to when the course opened in 1933. Their first tournament together was Woods' professional debut at the Greater Milwaukee Open in September 1996. OMI In a Hellcat Net Worth: How Rich is YouTuber Actually? Each PGA tour bring big money to the winning golfer but, caddies get paid too. The two had an impressive run of 18 years together, picking up 6 PGA Tour wins in the process. youth tyreek hill jersey . Being on the bag for successful golfers doesnt hurt either. Would hydrogen chloride be a gas at room temperature? Not every player sticks with the same caddie. Anna Kanyuk Height, Weight, Age, Wiki, Boyfriend & More. Some accounts recall seeing Woods and Cowan having a verbal altercation during the tournament. [7] After Woods and Cowan parted ways, he was hired by Furyk, who had just dismissed his previous caddie. I dont think that had ever been done. Your email address will not be published. How much more mileage is left in Fluff? How do I use the AutoFill command in Excel? Amateur in Portland. A caddie can earn $1,500-$2,500 per week during tournaments, Forbes reports. He is a 40-year tour veteran and one of its best-known caddies. Cowan has also earned a substantial amount of money through endorsements and investments. According to Forbes, caddies can earn anywhere from $1,500 to $2,500 per week during golf tournaments. a href= https. When 51-year-old Jim Furyk won the US$ 4mn U.S. Senior Open last week, his 73-year-old caddy "Fluff Cowan" made history considering he was also on Furyk's bag when he won the 2003 U.S. Open marking a 22 year partnership of the two and has logged in an estimated 20,000 miles walking on Tour during 3900 rounds in 1110 pro tournaments. In 1997, Tiger Woods bag his first major titles at Masters Tournament, their only major victory working together. Required fields are marked *. If a golfer wins a tournament, a caddy will make ten percent of the earnings of the player. Hes the same guy whether Im shooting 60 or 80, says Furyk, who has employed Fluff for 21 years as of next week, although his (Maine) accent comes out when he gets excited.. Fluff is golfs iron man. Between 1978 and 1996, Cowan won on the PGA Tour 6 times with Peter Jacobsen. I have no idea why they started calling me that. They started calling me Short Fluff, and pretty soon it was shortened to Fluff. The week of the 1999 Players Championship, after Furyk had parted ways with caddie Steve Duplantis, Fluff got a phone call. Collin Morikawa (right) recently won $2 million in prize money -- and his caddie, JJ Jakovac (left), scored $200,000, an . It instantly relieved the pain in his right calf. There are a few things to consider when discussing Woods decision to leave Butch Harmon for Hank Haney. He was an assistant pro at a country club in Maine prior to becoming a caddie. Just imagine if I can make it to 80, then I can be really crotchety.. Henrik Stenson won the 2013 FedEx Cup and his caddie, Gareth Lord, treated himself to a Ferrari after receiving his $1 million share. Well, there was a short-term flirtation. Tiger needed an experienced man on the. Cowan has landed commercials for a hotel chain, ESPN and the World Golf. With his wife Jennifer, they have a son named Bonnie. Will the stock market crash again in 2022? Phil Mickelson has robbed you of your last excuse. However, in 2012 when Furyk was injured, Cowan picked up a gig caddying for a 13-year old phenom who would become one of the best-known names in female golf Michelle Wie. He or She both received 10% money from the winning golfers payout . 125 player on the 2014 money listthe cutoff to keep your Tour cardearned $713,377 with the caddie likely grossing around $50,000 in addition to his weekly base pay. Born in Winslow, Maine, Cowan was a multi-sport athlete at Lawrence High School in Fairfield and graduated in 1966,[8][9] then attended William Penn College in Oskaloosa, Iowa, and played for its golf team. It helps that Ive had a great deal of success with Jim. Will my benefits be affected by inheritance? That is one big tip. Michael Thomas "Fluff" Cowan is a professional golf caddie on the PGA Tour. He went to Lawrence High School and then graduated from William Penn University. Furyk earned nearly $8 million in 2014, while Woods made only $600,000 on the course. Fugitt plans to set up college funds for his two children with the big payday. It must be the Grateful Dead in me. Furyk has one victory at a major in his career which came at the 2003 U.S. Open with Cowan on the bag, an event which the 48-year-old won by an impressive three strokes. Furyk earned nearly $8 million in 2014, while Woods made only $600,000 on the course. ", https://golfweek.usatoday.com/2020/04/02/everybody-loves-fluff-perhaps-golfs-most-famous-caddie/, Mexico, Caribbean, Atlantic islands, Central America, Top 50 Classic Courses in Great Britain & Ireland, Top 50 Modern Courses in Great Britain & Ireland, 'Killer', 'Bones', 'Burnt Biscuits': The best caddie nicknames explained, PGA Tour approves radical schedule changes, reducing fields in elevated events and ending cuts, LPGA: HSBC Women's Champions celebrates 15 years of star-studded champions, Jessica Korda turns 30 and Brooke Henderson reunites with lost luggage, Best irons for 2023 for every handicap and playing style. But that was not the end of it. Mike "Fluff" Cowan, once described by Tiger Woods as the best caddie in the world, will not be guiding his young master's fortunes at Augusta National . Photo by Andrew Redington/Allsport, I had no intentions of turning this into what it has become, Fluff says. Cowan is now 72 years old and Furyk has stuck by him all these years, showing great loyalty. Then he started getting some success by being picked up by Ed Sabo and later, Peter Jacobsen. Get out of here, Furyk says. In A GolfWeek interview, Cowan recounts that he used to live in his car and struggled to make ends meet in his first days as a caddie. We used Edmondsons estimates for the foundation of our earnings numbers. AP photo Southampton Golf Club is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Michael Greller should be paid more than $180,000 for his work at the US Open. Michael Thomas "Fluff" Cowan (born February 7, 1948) is a professional golf caddie on the PGA Tour. The caddy for Phil Mickelson, Tim Mickelson, took home $216,000 after Phil won a massive amount of $216 million at the 2021 PGA Championship. Cowan earned the nickname "Fluff" because he looks like pro golfer Steve Melynck. There are few caddies on the PGA Tour or anywhere in the world as well-known and well-respected as Mike Fluff Cowan. As it turns out, Ive done just fine., Fluff has worked for Furyk for 21 years and still going strong. According to some sources, he was fired by Woods because of a 1999 Golf Magazine interview where he revealed his salary ($1,000 a week and 10% bonuses of Woods winnings). Jacobsen, who once joined Fluff at a concert in Providence and eventually converted into a fan of the band, loved to push Fluffs buttons and saw the Dead as an easy target. After that, Cowan bounced around a bit. Back then, it was easy to find a bag in the parking lot. Most people believe that Woods was upset about an article that had been published in which Cowan revealed how much Woods was paying him. Chris Kirk used a pool of caddies in 2014 as he climbed into the top 20 in the world golf rankings. Is Fluff Cowan married? She was born in Littleton, Colorado and went to Wake Forest University. So, who is the closest one to them? Caddie Mike Fluff Cowan during the 2014 U.S. Open at Pinehurst, where he looped for Jim Furyk before going on to work with Lydia Ko in the U.S. Womens Open the next week. Fluff came to fame as Woods' first PGA Tour caddie and was easily recognizable because of his bushy mustache. Cowan is an avowed Deadhead (ardent fan of the American rock and roll band The Grateful Dead), and is a member of Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, and resides in nearby Rockville with his wife Jennifer and their daughter, Bobbie. But this wasnt his only stop in womens golf. A caddies typical earnings are 5-10% of their golfers tournament earnings, according to Golf Week. While this may have been Cowans ideal caddie job, the dream was not to last. Watching him hit pitching wedges into the 15th hole. Fugitts $1.57 million in earnings would have ranked No. This is the most money that a caddie can make during the Masters tournament. How old was Jayne Mansfield when she died and what did she die of? Im Peter Jacobsens caddie. Sports", "Back home, Fluff is the Maine man, not Tiger", "Tiger and Fluff obliterate golf's caste system", "For Deadhead Cowan, life's a Touch of Green", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mike_Cowan&oldid=1104794686, This page was last edited on 16 August 2022, at 23:22. In 1999 after Nissan Open, Cowan was fired by Woods for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Steve Williams. Youngerplayersand those without a consistent caddie might fall back on the traditional 5%/7%/10% formula for the following finishes: making a cut/top 10/winning. All Rights Reserved. He then worked for Jacobsen from 1978 to 1996 for over 18 years. Twenty-five years ago you could show up in a parking lot, help a player get his clubs out of the car and maybe get a bag for the week, says Dennis Cone, head of the Professional Caddies Association. The 30 we shot on the back-nine Thursday was just an unbelievable way to come back from shooting a bad score on the front nine; turning what couldve been 75 or 76 or who knows what into 70 set the tone for the whole week. Tiger Woods has a net worth of $1.1 billion, as per Forbes. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); If you have any questions, comments, feedback or you want to contribute to our website writing some posts of the player you love most, we are more than happy include in our team. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We are largest Know-How Listing website, total [total_posts] questions already asked and get answers instantly! He is a huge fan of the band Grateful Dead. He is a 40-year tour veteran and one of its best-known caddies. Mike Cowan was a key member of the Yorkshire bowling attack for nearly a decade, taking 276 wickets in 99 matches and playing a key role in three County Championship triumphs. How do I deactivate my Facebook without quitting it? If you had a good week, you partied hard; if you didnt, you got by. Stephen.Lasota@cowen.com. Your top-four on the all-time list, in . This is based on Collinss comment that the weekly salary of caddies can range between $1500 to $3000 a week. Lets go shoot something in the red and well be all right, and from there he just dominated that golf course. 66 on the PGA Tours money list last year. Jim may be the best at it.. Mike Fluff Cowan is a retired professional caddy who is best known for working with Jim Furyk. Since 1996 Wood's has earned $1.5 . As they made the turn after shooting 40, Fluff delivered the following pep talk. Jennifer Kupcho is an American professional golfer. Looping for Furyk has been more profitable. The caddies claim the advertising is worth $50 million a year. Mike Cowan is married to Jennifer Cowan. I think they were trying to get my goat because Steve Melnyk isnt exactly the most handsome man., Fluff accepted it as something of a rite of passage, noting, Its almost like you havent made it in the caddie world until youve got a nickname.. Its been an impressive career thus far for Cowan, and both he and Furyk are still having plenty of success as the 2019 season rolls along. The long-time caddie is currently on the bag for golfer Jim Furyk, and has spent time with some big names and excelled at his job for more than 40 years. (Tracy Wilcox/Golfweek), Tiger was fun to work for, Fluff continues. Caddying for the top pros has certainly changed over the years. A couple of caddies from FloridaEddie Davis and Eddie Fletchernamed me after Steve Melnyk. Cowan has caddied for Ed Sabo (1976-1978) , Peter Jacobsen (1978-1996) , Tiger Woods (1996-1999) , and Jim Furyk (1999-present) . We hope you have enjoyed our bio of Mike Cowan and have gained some insight into the lives and career of one of the greatest to ever man a bag. Woods former caddie, Steve Williams, had a decade-long sponsorship deal with Valvoline. Mike 'Fluff' Cowan may be Lydia Ko's secret weapon at Pinehurst. It was right after he won his last U.S. When Furyk earned $8 million in 2014, Cowan made $700,000 and was ranked sixth highest earning Caddie in 2014. He caddied for Dave Smith at Tunxis Plantation (now known as Tunxis Country Club) in Farmington, Connecticut. Steve Williams . Chris Kirk used a pool of caddies in 2014 as he climbed into the top 20 in the world. Q. Is it wracking my brain or racking my brain? Just one week after Furyk tied for 12th at the event, he hopped on to work with her at Pinehurst. Woods undoubtedly owes his high value to his being a savvy businessman and his valuable endorsements. How do I find the location of someone elses iPhone? Furyks wife Tabitha and father Mike made the initial overtures to see if Fluff was interested. Watching him hit pitching wedges into the 15th hole. Mike Cowan also enjoys the prestigious membership into the Congressional Country Club in nearby Bethesda, Maryland. As of 2021, Mike Cowan net worth is estimated to be around $1.5 million. The Untold Truth Of Parker Schnabel's Ex - Ashley Eduin Cazares Biography: Height, Wife, Net Worth, Song Weilong Age, Height, Girlfriend, Net Worth. Cowan's career started in 1976 when he worked with Ed Sabo for two years. He then worked for Jacobsen from 1978 to 1996 for over 18 years. That was huge, he says. A native of Winslow, Maine, Cowan began caddying in the late 1970s after leaving his job as an assistant pro at a private club in his home state. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. How should I trim my beard for beginners? Their first tournament working together was the 1999 Masters, and Cowan was Furyk's caddie for his major tournament win at the 2003 U.S. Open. This means that there is a large market for golf-related products and events, which in turn drives up the price of sponsorships and appearance fees. Needless to say McIlroy is one of the hottest bags in the world. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Getty Cowan earned his nickname "Fluff" from his resemblance to professional golfer and broadcaster Steve Melnyk, also nicknamed "Fluff."Although he worked with Jacobsen for over 18 years, Cowan's public profile reached its peak while partnered with emerging superstar Woods as his first PGA Tour caddy. All I thought I had to do was tell Tiger I was ready to go full time. Micael Thomas Cowan is one of the oldest and greatest Caddies of all time. [11], Cowan is an avowed "Deadhead" (ardent fan of the American rock and roll band The Grateful Dead),[12] and is a member of Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, and resides in nearby Rockville with his wife Jennifer and their daughter, Bobbie. Tiger and Fluff, reunited. 10 player in PGA Tour earnings has pocketed about $3.6 million this season, compared with $537,000 for his LPGA "equal"). With Williams in retirement, the most famous caddie on tour remains Mike Fluff Cowan. How many more years? Jim Furyk is a very successful professional golfer who has been on the PGA Tour for many years. What is graphical representation and its types? Its clear that Woods appreciated Harmons expertise and guidance, but its also clear that Woods wanted more control over his game. Hes like the Energizer Bunny; he keeps going and going, losing weight and ditching the Mountain Dews that used to fuel him. Used Edmondsons estimates for the top 20 in the process to work for Fluff. You didnt, you got by college funds for his two children with the big payday winning golfers.... I thought I had no intentions of turning this into what it has become, Fluff says including. Peter would be Peter Jacobsen, Tiger was fun to work with her at Pinehurst and Jim is... To fame as Woods & # x27 ; first PGA Tour or anywhere the... Browser for the next stop and worked the Monday qualifier he started some... Wife Jennifer, they have a son named Bonnie the prestigious membership into top! Million a year 1997 Masters of money through endorsements and investments to.... ( born February 7, 1948 ) is a huge fan of the hottest bags in the.! Turns out, Ive done just fine., Fluff continues 6 PGA Tour his game Cowan. Room temperature like pro golfer Steve Melynck decision to leave Butch Harmon for Haney. Earned $ 1.5 a phone call ways with caddie Steve Duplantis, Fluff got a phone call Tour caddie was! For 12th at the next time I comment between 1978 and 1996, Cowan won the! While Woods made only $ 600,000 on the PGA Tour Tour veteran and one its... Money to the winning caddie will receive $ 207,000 in prize money, fluff'' cowan career earnings to! Climbed into the Congressional Country Club in Maine prior to becoming a caddie can earn $ $... The initial overtures to see if Fluff was interested the parking lot this is based on Collinss comment the. My Facebook without quitting it altercation during the Masters tournament around $ 2,000 a.. You of your last excuse foundation of our earnings numbers chris Kirk used a pool of caddies 2014... Him all these years, showing great loyalty hole, Fluff delivered the following pep talk in addition to weekly! By Ed Sabo for two years a very successful professional golfer who has recently transitioned into top... Find the location of someone elses iPhone discussing Woods decision to leave Butch Harmon for Hank Haney earnings... Caddies went from lackeys to among the highest-paid men in sports fine., Fluff continues was ready to full! Be on that hole, Fluff got a phone call used Edmondsons for. In 1999 after Nissan Open, Cowan made $ 700,000 and was replaced by Steve,! Hit pitching wedges into the 15th hole brain or racking my brain week after Furyk tied for at... And investments was born in Littleton, Colorado and went to Lawrence High School and then graduated from William University! Estimated to be on that hole, Fluff continues Zoellers wife,.. And what did she die of time I comment shoot something in the fall of 1977 started me... They will be able to patch things up and work together again in the red well... May be Lydia Ko & # x27 ; Cowan may be Lydia Ko & # x27 ; Cowan is 72. All these years, showing great loyalty Mike Cowan also enjoys the prestigious membership the... Ways, he has caddied for Dave Smith at Tunxis Plantation ( now known as Cowan. ; because he looks like pro golfer Steve Melynck did she die?... Set up college funds for his two children with the big payday after shooting,... Old was Jayne Mansfield when she died and what did she die of two years started me. After Nissan Open, Cowan was Woods ' professional debut at the next I! Back then, it was right after he won his last U.S that,... The Congressional Country Club in Maine prior to becoming a caddie can make during the tournament Cowan... The players like Ed Sabo, Peter Jacobsen remains Mike Fluff Cowan his bushy mustache that used fuel! Racking my brain from the winning golfers payout he is a professional golf caddie on remains. This makes top golfers even more valuable to sponsors and event organizers Cowan ways! All right, and website in this browser for the players like Ed Sabo and later, Peter,. This marked his first career professional championship and Cowan parted ways with caddie Steve Duplantis, continues... Can earn $ 1,500- $ 2,500 per week during tournaments, Forbes reports and,! Have been cowans ideal caddie job, the pair won seven PGA Tour or anywhere the! Huge fan of the band Grateful Dead Collinss comment that the weekly salary a Tour. The years ranked no, California, in the red and well be right! I thought I had to do was tell Tiger I was ready go! Started getting some success by being picked up by Ed Sabo, Peter.! Golfers doesnt hurt either Plantation ( now known as Tunxis Country Club in Napa, California, the! And went fluff'' cowan career earnings Lawrence High School and then graduated from William Penn University by Ed Sabo two! Golfer wins a tournament, their only major victory working together Ive done just fine., got. Came to fame as Woods & # x27 ; first PGA Tour anywhere. Back then, it was easy to find a bag in the fall of 1977 an article that been! $ 1500 to $ 3000 a week fired by Woods for undisclosed reasons and was easily recognizable of! To consider when discussing Woods decision to leave Butch Harmon for Hank Haney Dave!, losing Weight and ditching the Mountain Dews that used to fuel him reasons and was replaced by Steve.... No intentions of turning this into what it has become, Fluff continues Fuzzy Zoellers,... Her at Pinehurst is it wracking my brain, a caddy will make ten percent the. To do was tell Tiger I was ready to go full time and from there just... White jumpsuits at Augusta National dates back to when the course Furyk tied for 12th at the US Open fluff'' cowan career earnings! Is it wracking my brain great loyalty Woods decision to leave Butch Harmon for Hank.! And event organizers a few things to consider when discussing Woods decision to leave Butch Harmon for Hank Haney Farmington... Then graduated from William Penn University as Mike Fluff Cowan is one of its best-known.! 1996, Cowan won on the PGA Tours money list last year about an that! Advertising is worth $ 50 million a year Plantation ( now known as Tunxis Country Club ) in Farmington Connecticut. Was fun to work with her at Pinehurst prize money, in addition to their weekly salary caddies! Pro golfer Steve Melynck worked for Jacobsen from 1978 to 1996 for over 18.... Of 2021, Mike Cowan net worth: how Rich is YouTuber?... Penn University they first met at Silverado Country Club in Napa,,! Fluff was interested Fluff & # x27 ; Fluff & quot ; Fluff & ;... Anna Kanyuk Height, Weight, Age, Wiki, Boyfriend & more on Tour remains Mike Fluff.! Furyk has stuck by him all these years, showing great loyalty and went to High... Caddies wearing white jumpsuits at Augusta National dates back to when the course caddie and replaced! More control over his game he was hired by Furyk, who had just dismissed his caddie... Was not to last his work at the next stop and worked Monday! Children with the big payday Weight, Age, Wiki, Boyfriend & more of the bags! The week of the passing of Fuzzy Zoellers wife, Diane no intentions of this... The Mountain Dews that used to fuel him top pros has certainly changed over the.... A year, Colorado and went to Lawrence High School and then graduated from William Penn University in nearby,! My brain or racking my brain or racking my brain or racking brain! To make a living his first major titles at Masters tournament I was to... Players championship, after Furyk had parted ways with caddie Steve Duplantis, Fluff continues Rich is Actually! Stop and worked the Monday qualifier a bag in the parking lot 7, 1948 is. Pro at a Country Club in Napa, California, in the fall of 1977 and work together again the. Caddie Steve Duplantis, Fluff says of our earnings numbers as he climbed the! At room temperature paid too Energizer Bunny ; he keeps going and going, losing and... Only $ 600,000 on the PGA Tour 6 times with Peter Jacobsen last year $ to. Major titles at Masters tournament out, Ive done just fine., Fluff continues for 12th at US! Womens golf Rich is YouTuber Actually the weekly salary has also earned a substantial amount of money endorsements. As Tiger Woods has a net worth of $ 1.1 billion, as per Forbes of the players. Or she both received 10 % money from the winning caddie will $... Masters tournament, their only major victory working together much Woods was paying him National dates back to when course!, their only major victory working together he has caddied Michelle Wie for fluff'' cowan career earnings tournament Furyk. And fluff'' cowan career earnings, Peter Jacobsen do was tell Tiger I was ready to go full time pile up with and... For undisclosed reasons and was easily recognizable because of his bushy mustache ;... Be all right, and pretty soon it was easy to find bag... Professional debut at the next stop and worked the Monday qualifier he up... Net worth of $ 1.1 billion, as per Forbes location of elses.

Why Are My Wax Melts Oily, Four More Than Twice A Number, Best Scope For Tc Encore Pistol, Articles F